Over time, the costs became clearer. In his ISSCC 2014 plenary, Mark Horowitz argued that energy—not transistor density or raw logic speed—had become the primary constraint in computing. Arithmetic consumes only a few picojoules. Cache accesses cost an order of magnitude more. DRAM accesses cost two to three orders more. Data movement, not computation, dominates energy consumption.
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18:50, 13 марта 2026Россия